by J. Christoph Amberger
"Fear of inflation" is a rationalization for market dips trotted out by mainstream media pundits to explain daily fluctuations in the major stock indexes.
Inflation reflects the increase in prices for goods and services as measured against a predetermined baseline in purchasing power. Thus, it has as many fathers as success is reputed to have, among them the cost of borrowing, the cost of commodities, the price of energy, and the cost of labor.
Supply-side economics assumes as a fact that that inflation is caused either by an increase in the money supply or a decrease in the demand for money. As long as the demand for money also grows, money supply can grow without causing inflation.
Keynesians, however, believe in reducing demand in general, usually through higher taxation and other fiscal and political means.
In the coming years, we will see a shift back toward Keynesian thinking again. Increased taxation will reduce domestic demand as well as the capital that can be invested. As a consequence, unemployment will begin to rise, relieving the current tight supply of labor. Due to increasing competition for fewer jobs, overall labor cost will decline... further reducing spendable money and demand.
While the cumulative effect of this process is bad for Americans trying to make a living, this actually will be positive for the international competitiveness of the American economy. Lower domestic labor cost may even slow the rate of outsourcing jobs to China, India, and Mexico. With the American economy on the Bush Boom, employment costs have risen 3.3% in the past year alone, the fastest year-over-gain in five quarters -- beating the rise of inflation (which came in at 2.1% for the twelve months ending December 30.)
The global economy has a principally deflationary effect on prices. Its main commodity is cheaper labor. And as labor constitutes a larger share of a product's overall cost than the natural resources and energy used for its production, business will continue to try and reduce cost by opting for cheaper labor. Currently, the lions share of that cheap labor is provided by China. But competitors such as Vietnam and India are already aiming at giving the Chinese a run for their money... by offering labor whose overall cost may be even cheaper. The competition to offer the lowest labor cost -- even by subsidizing that labor directly or indirectly -- will guarantee that prices especially for manufactured products will continue to decline.
The same goes for commodities. Here, global competition and the Internet's global integration of the market may not eliminate rising prices due to supply and demand. But overall, the trend has been toward a more efficient market... which at its core, due to increased choice and competition among suppliers has a fundamentally deflationary effect.
The main culprit in last year's run-up in US inflation rates were energy prices. While the possibility -- and given the increased potential for Middle Eastern turmoil -- probability for further speculative hikes in energy prices remain, I believe we will see a retracement of =energy prices more often than we will see a rise over the next 12 months.
The effects of declining energy prices in particular can be amazing: Inflation at the wholesale level plunged at a record pace in October, led by big declines in the price of gasoline and new cars. Wholesale prices fell 1.6 percent in October, tying the record decline set in October 2001, the Labor Department reported Tuesday. It was the second consecutive big decrease, following a 1.3 percent fall in September.
Both months were heavily influenced by falling energy prices. But underlying inflation pressures were held at bay last month as well. Core inflation, which excludes energy and food, dropped by 0.9 percent, the biggest one-month fall in 13 years. That reflected big declines in prices for new cars and sport utility vehicles as dealers brought back sales incentives. Energy prices dropped by 5% last month following an 8.4% decline the previous month. Gas prices were down 7.9% and natural gas plummeted a record 9.3%.
Practically, this means one thing and one thing only: Don't expect any further rate hikes from the Fed any time soon! In fact, as the US economy begins to slow again after the Christmas boom of 2006 and the effects of bonus season, we believe that the Fed will start cutting rates again by May 2007.